Insuficiência cardíaca: conhecer, prevenir e tratar melhor – Por Joana Pimenta
Dia Europeu da Insuficiência Cardíaca – 06 maio
Dia 06 de maio comemora-se o Dia Europeu da Insuficiência Cardíaca. Apesar de ser uma doença muito frequente no nosso país, na Europa e no mundo, continua a ser muito pouco reconhecida pela população geral. E, na verdade, é a primeira causa de hospitalizações em muitos países, tem uma taxa de mortalidade superior a vários cancros comuns (cerca de 50% em 5 anos) e é responsável por perda significativa da qualidade de vida dos doentes. Esta importante carga de doença acarreta, compreensivelmente, elevados custos económicos e para todos nós, enquanto sociedade.
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC), mais do que uma doença, é uma condição (síndroma) que resulta da incapacidade do coração corresponder às necessidades acrescidas de fluxo sanguíneo do organismo, impossibilitando-o de realizar atividade física sem agravar os sintomas, que são predominantemente o cansaço, a falta de ar e o inchaço das pernas. Esta patologia é, muitas vezes, o estádio final de outras doenças crónicas comuns que afetam o coração como a aterosclerose (que leva à angina de peito e ao enfarte do miocárdio), a hipertensão arterial e a obesidade. No entanto, pode também resultar de alterações das válvulas do coração, de tóxicos (como o álcool ou a quimioterapia), de alterações genéticas ou de outras patologias mais raras.
Para assinalar este dia dedicado à IC e aos nossos doentes que com ela vivem diariamente, a quem não quero deixar de recordar, pelo caminho difícil que muitas vezes trilham e que acompanhamos o melhor que podemos, quero deixar duas mensagens de alerta e otimismo:
A primeira é que a IC é prevenível. Para tal, os hábitos de vida saudável (dieta equilibrada do tipo mediterrânico, exercício físico, abstinência tabágica e alcoólica) são fundamentais, mas também o são o controlo das doenças crónicas, como a hipertensão arterial, a diabetes, o colesterol elevado e a aterosclerose, a obesidade.
A segunda é que dispomos, cada vez mais, de armas para o tratamento desta doença e temos vindo a ganhar mais e melhores anos de vida para os nossos doentes. O tratamento para a IC é eficaz, assim o consigamos fazer chegar aos doentes.
Nesta luta contra a IC, precisamos do contributo de todos: da população em geral para o esforço da prevenção; dos doentes, seus familiares e dos profissionais de saúde, para a deteção precoce da doença (idealmente em fase de pré-IC) e para o seu tratamento célere e otimizado; dos decisores políticos, para uma maior e melhor atenção à organização dos cuidados a uma doença com um impacto tão significativo na nossa sociedade.
Joana Pimenta – Serviço de Medicina Interna do Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho / Coordenadora do NEIC da SPMI
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